General Health Profile

The adjusted calcium test is a blood test that measures the level of calcium in your body after taking into account the levels of albumin, a protein in your blood. This test is used to determine if your body has the right amount of calcium, which is important for healthy bones, muscles, and nerves.

Calcium plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, so having the right balance is important for overall health. If your calcium levels are too high or too low, it can lead to symptoms like muscle weakness, fatigue, and bone pain.

The adjusted calcium test helps healthcare providers diagnose and monitor conditions such as kidney disease, thyroid disorders, and certain types of cancer that can affect calcium levels. It can also help determine if a person is at risk for developing osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones.

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The ALT test, also known as Alanine Aminotransferase test, is a blood test that helps to evaluate the health of your liver. The liver is an important organ that performs various functions in your body, such as filtering toxins, producing bile for digestion, and storing vitamins and minerals.

The ALT test measures the levels of an enzyme called alanine aminotransferase in your blood. When the liver is damaged or inflamed, it releases this enzyme into the bloodstream. Therefore, the ALT test can indicate if there is any liver damage or disease present.

High levels of ALT may suggest liver conditions like hepatitis (inflammation of the liver), cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), or fatty liver disease. It can also be a sign of certain medications or alcohol abuse affecting the liver.

Detecting abnormal ALT levels can help diagnose liver problems early on, allowing for timely treatment and prevention of further damage.

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Albumin is a test that measures the level of a protein called albumin in your blood. Albumin is an important protein that helps carry various substances, such as hormones, vitamins, and medications, throughout your body. This test is commonly used to assess the health of your liver and kidneys.

When your liver or kidneys are not functioning properly, the level of albumin in your blood may decrease. Low levels of albumin can indicate liver disease, kidney disease, malnutrition, or inflammation in the body. It can also be a sign of a chronic condition, such as diabetes or heart failure.

Measuring the albumin level can give valuable insights into your overall health and identify any underlying conditions that may need further evaluation or treatment. This test is usually performed as part of a routine check-up or if you are experiencing symptoms like swelling, fatigue, or unexplained weight loss.

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The Alkaline Phosphatase test is a blood test that measures the levels of an enzyme called alkaline phosphatase in your body. This enzyme is found in various tissues, such as the liver, bones, and intestines.

The test is usually ordered to help diagnose and monitor certain health conditions. For example, it can help detect liver or bone diseases, such as hepatitis or osteoporosis. It can also be used to check the effectiveness of treatment for these conditions.

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The Gamma GT test is a blood test that measures the levels of an enzyme called Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) in your body. This test is commonly used to check the health of your liver and to detect any potential liver damage or disease.

The liver is an important organ that helps filter out toxins and waste from your body. GGT is an enzyme that is mainly found in the liver, but it is also present in other organs like the pancreas and kidneys. When the liver is damaged or not functioning properly, the levels of GGT in the blood can increase.

By measuring the levels of GGT, doctors can get an idea of how well your liver is working. High levels of GGT may indicate liver problems such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or alcohol abuse. It can also be a sign of other health conditions like diabetes or heart disease.

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The Bilirubin (Total) test is a blood test that measures the level of a substance called bilirubin in your body. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is produced when red blood cells break down. This test is commonly used to check the health of your liver and to diagnose certain liver conditions.

When your liver is working properly, it helps remove bilirubin from your body. However, if your liver is not functioning well, it may not be able to process bilirubin effectively, leading to an increase in its levels. High levels of bilirubin can cause a yellowing of the skin and eyes, known as jaundice.

By measuring the amount of bilirubin in your blood, this test can help determine if your liver is functioning properly or if there may be an underlying liver problem.

Your doctor may order this test if you are experiencing symptoms such as yellowing of the skin, fatigue, or abdominal pain, or if they suspect a liver disorder.

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The Cholesterol (Total) test is a blood test that measures the amount of cholesterol in your body. Cholesterol is a waxy substance that is found in your blood and is important for the normal functioning of your body. However, having too much cholesterol can be harmful to your health.

This test is used to assess your risk of developing heart disease. High levels of cholesterol can lead to the buildup of plaque in your arteries, which can restrict blood flow and increase your chances of having a heart attack or stroke. By measuring your total cholesterol levels, this test helps determine if you have a higher risk of developing these conditions.

Your healthcare provider will interpret the results and discuss with you any necessary lifestyle changes or medications that may be needed to manage your cholesterol levels and reduce your risk of heart disease.

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The HDL Cholesterol test measures the level of a specific type of cholesterol in your blood called high-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL cholesterol is often referred to as "good" cholesterol because it helps remove harmful cholesterol from your arteries, reducing the risk of heart disease.

This test is important because having high levels of HDL cholesterol is beneficial for your heart health. It acts like a scavenger, picking up excess cholesterol from your blood vessels and taking it back to the liver for processing and removal. This helps prevent the buildup of plaque in your arteries, which can lead to blockages and increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

By measuring your HDL cholesterol levels, this test can provide valuable information about your heart health and help identify any potential risks. If your HDL cholesterol levels are low, it may indicate an increased risk of heart disease. On the other hand, if your HDL cholesterol levels are high, it suggests a lower risk of heart problems.

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The Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) test is a blood test that measures the amount of a specific type of cholesterol in your body. Cholesterol is a waxy substance that is produced by your liver and is also found in certain foods. While some cholesterol is necessary for our bodies to function properly, too much LDL cholesterol can be harmful.

LDL cholesterol is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because it can build up in the walls of your arteries, leading to a condition called atherosclerosis. This can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.

The LDL test helps to assess your risk of developing these conditions by measuring the amount of LDL cholesterol in your blood. It is usually done as part of a lipid profile, which also includes measurements of other types of cholesterol.

Based on the results of the LDL test, your healthcare provider can determine if you have high levels of LDL cholesterol and if any lifestyle changes or medications are needed to lower it. It is important to maintain healthy levels of LDL cholesterol to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.

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Non-HDL cholesterol is a blood test that measures the amount of cholesterol in your body that is not considered "good" cholesterol. Cholesterol is a waxy substance that is found in your blood and is necessary for your body to function properly. However, having too much cholesterol, especially the "bad" kind, can increase your risk of heart disease and other health problems.

The non-HDL cholesterol test helps to assess your risk of developing heart disease by measuring the total amount of cholesterol in your blood that is not the "good" kind. This includes both low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which is often referred to as the "bad" cholesterol, as well as other types of cholesterol that can contribute to the build-up of plaque in your arteries.

By knowing your non-HDL cholesterol level, you can better understand your risk of heart disease and make informed decisions about lifestyle changes or medications that may be necessary to lower your cholesterol and protect your heart health.

It is important to maintain healthy cholesterol levels to reduce the risk of heart disease and other related complications.

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The Total Cholesterol : HDL Ratio test is a blood test that measures the ratio between two types of cholesterol in your body.

Cholesterol is a waxy substance that is found in your blood and is necessary for your body to function properly. However, having too much cholesterol, especially the bad type called LDL cholesterol, can increase your risk of heart disease.

This test specifically looks at the ratio between your total cholesterol and your HDL cholesterol. HDL cholesterol is often referred to as the good cholesterol because it helps remove the bad cholesterol from your arteries. By calculating the ratio between these two types of cholesterol you can get a better understanding of your overall cholesterol levels and assess your risk for heart disease.

A higher ratio indicates a higher risk of heart disease, while a lower ratio suggests a lower risk.

This test is important because it can help doctors determine if you need to make lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthier diet or increasing physical activity, to lower your cholesterol levels and reduce your risk of heart disease. Regular monitoring of this ratio can also help track the effectiveness of any interventions or medications prescribed to manage your cholesterol levels.

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Triglyceride is a type of blood test that measures the amount of fat in your blood. It is an important test because it helps doctors assess your risk for heart disease. Triglycerides are a type of fat that your body uses for energy. However, having high levels of triglycerides can be harmful to your health.

This test is usually done as part of a cholesterol panel, which also includes measuring your levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and HDL (good) cholesterol. High triglyceride levels can be caused by factors such as a diet high in unhealthy fats, being overweight, smoking, and not getting enough exercise.

If your triglyceride levels are too high, it can increase your risk of developing heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular problems. By measuring your triglyceride levels, you can determine if you need to make lifestyle changes or start medication to lower your risk of heart disease.

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Creatinine is a test that measures the level of a waste product called creatinine in your blood. Creatinine is produced by your muscles and is normally filtered out of your body by your kidneys. This test helps to evaluate how well your kidneys are functioning.

When your kidneys are healthy, they efficiently remove creatinine from your blood. However, if your kidneys are not working properly, the level of creatinine in your blood can increase. High levels of creatinine may indicate kidney damage or disease.

This test is often ordered if you have symptoms of kidney problems, such as frequent urination, swelling in your legs or feet, or changes in urine color. It is also used to monitor the progression of kidney disease and to adjust medication dosages for certain conditions.

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The eGFR test, or estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate test, is a crucial laboratory measurement used to assess kidney function. It estimates how well the kidneys are filtering blood and removing waste products. Here's a deeper look into what eGFR signifies and why it is so important:

What is eGFR?

eGFR is calculated from the blood level of creatinine along with other variables such as age, sex, and body size. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism and usually filtered out of the blood by the kidneys.

Why is the eGFR Test Used?

1. Detecting Kidney Disease: eGFR is primarily used to screen for and monitor kidney disease. Healthy kidneys effectively filter blood, but damaged kidneys may not perform as well, leading to a lower eGFR.
2. Monitoring Kidney Disease Progression: For patients already diagnosed with kidney disease, regular eGFR tests help monitor the disease's progression. Changes in eGFR over time can indicate whether the kidney function is stable, improving, or worsening.
3. Guiding Treatment: Kidney function, as measured by eGFR, influences decisions about medication dosages and other treatments. Some drugs are eliminated from the body through the kidneys, and reduced kidney function can affect how drugs are dosed and administered.
4. Evaluating Risk: A low eGFR indicates poor kidney function and can be associated with an increased risk of other complications like cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure.

How is eGFR Calculated?

The eGFR is typically calculated using the creatinine level along with formulas such as the MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) study equation or the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation. These formulas adjust for factors like age, sex, race, and body size to provide a more accurate assessment of kidney function.

Interpretation of eGFR Results

• Normal Range: Generally, a normal eGFR value is above 90 mL/min/1.73m², indicating good kidney function.
• Mild to Moderate Decrease: An eGFR between 60 and 89 might suggest some kidney damage, particularly if other signs of kidney disease are present.
• Moderate to Severe Decrease: An eGFR below 60 may indicate chronic kidney disease.
• Severe Decrease: An eGFR below 30 suggests more serious kidney disease, potentially nearing kidney failure.
• Kidney Failure: An eGFR less than 15 typically indicates kidney failure, necessitating dialysis or transplantation for continued survival.

Regular monitoring of eGFR is essential for patients with known risk factors for kidney disease, such as diabetes and hypertension.

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The HbA1c test is a blood test that measures the average amount of sugar in your blood over the past 2-3 months.

It is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes, a condition where your body has trouble regulating blood sugar levels.

The test is important because high blood sugar levels can damage your organs over time, leading to serious health problems

If your HbA1c level is high then it confirms that you have diabetes mellitus. It is very useful for screening people in general to see if they have Type 2 diabetes as it is often difficult to diagnose this type of diabetes from symptoms alone.

Checking HbA1c levels regularly if you already know you have diabetes is essential too, as it is the best way to check if you are managing your blood sugar levels effectively and therefore reducing the chances of the serious medical complications that can occur if high blood sugar levels are not controlled.

By measuring your HbA1c levels, your doctor can adjust your treatment plan if necessary.

It is recommended that people with diabetes get this test done at least twice a year to ensure their blood sugar levels are within a healthy range.

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Iron is an essential mineral that helps your body produce red blood cells and carry oxygen throughout your body. This test is commonly used to check for iron deficiency or iron overload.

If your iron levels are too low, it means you may not have enough iron to make sufficient red blood cells, which can lead to a condition called iron deficiency anemia. Symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.

On the other hand, if your iron levels are too high, it may indicate a condition called hemochromatosis, where your body absorbs too much iron from the food you eat. This can lead to organ damage over time.

By measuring your iron levels, this test helps diagnose and monitor these conditions. Depending on the results, your doctor may recommend dietary changes, iron supplements, or further testing to determine the underlying cause of your iron levels.

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